give. Gold has now been discovered at a place called Campbell
Town, about fifty miles from here. I marched through it the
other day, when they were prospecting for it. I saw a lump of
gold yesterday, which a man found, valued at £1500. Think of
that. One young fellow, who was a clerk in the Australian
Bank, at £140 per annum, left for the diggings, and has just
returned with an immense sum of money. In consequence of
the extravagant price of everything here, I find it hard enough
to rub it out. We have, on an average, to pay 25s. a month
over our pay, as contributions to our mess and band, and that
without indulging in the slightest luxury whatever. Colonel
Despard has written home to have our pay increased, as we
cannot live on it. One poor fellow is ruined by it already.
Lieut.—, of ours, after seven years' service, threw up
commission and all, and went off to the diggings. I am afraid if
something is not done, the regiment will soon be without
officers or men."

The New Brunswick journals report that the first
locomotive engine in that province had just been put in
motion on the opening section of the St. Andrew's and
Quebec Railway,

A new British Colony has been established in the Bay
of Honduras. This event is announced by the following
proclamation.

"This is to give notice, that her Most Gracious Majesty the
Queen has been pleased to constitute and make the islands of
Ruatan, Bonacca, Utilla, Barbarat, Helene, and Morat to be a
colony, to be known and designated as 'The Colony of the Bay
Islands.'
"By command of her Majesty's Superintendent,
"AUGUSTUS FREDERICK GORE, Acting Colonial Sec.
"God save the Queen.
"Colonial Secretary's Office, Belize, British Honduras,
June 17, 1852."

The journals of the United States look upon this
proceeding with suspicion; and observe, that this new
station will serve for similar uses in the Carribean Sea
which Gibraltar and Malta serve in the Mediterranean.

PROGRESS OF EMIGRATION AND COLONISATION.

The number of Emigrants that left Liverpool during
the month of July, including those for Australia from
the government depot at Birkenhead, was 21,325. The
number in the corresponding month last year was
13,770. The emigrants bound for America were
composed almost entirely of Germans and Irish. Three
large ships—the Dinapore, the Admiral, and the
Chalmers—containing an aggregate of about 800
emigrants, sailed from Gravesend, on the 1st inst., for Port
Phillip. The Chalmers carried several of Mrs. Chisholm's
groups, mustering 250 strong. On the 2nd, the
Northumberland, carrying some thirty-six distressed needle-
women, from the Female Emigration Society, set out
for the same destination.

The twelfth report of the Colonial Land and Emigration
Commissioners, that for 1851, has just been issued.
In the twenty years ending 1851, no fewer than
2,640,848 persons emigrated from the United Kingdom:
more than one half of this emigration occurred in the
last five years. In 1851 there was the largest number
in any one year—335,966: this exceeds the largest
estimate of the annual increase of population in these
isles. But the great majority of those who emigrate
are Irish: it is estimated that in ten years 1,289,133
Irish people have sought new homes across the ocean.
The commissioners prognosticate that this stream of
emigration of the young and vigorous, leaving behind
the old, the feeble, and the destitute, must end in the
desertion of Ireland by its Celtic population. The
money sent home from North America during the four
years, from 1848 to 1851, or contributed as prepaid
passage-money, amounted to no less a sum than
£2,947,000;. The amount so paid in 1848 was £460,000;
in 1849 it was £540,000; in 1850, £957,000; in 1851,
£990,000. The amount expended out of the public
funds for the conveyance of emigrants was, up to the
end of 1851, about £800,000; of which about £4500 was
derived from parliamentary votes for sending out free
emigrants to those colonies which have received convicts,
and £102,000 obtained from the emigrants themselves.
The remaining sum of about £653,000 was furnished
from the land revenues of New South Wales and South
Australia, or the general revenue of the Cape of Good
Hope. Judging from the numbers that have emigrated
during the first four months of the present year, the
total for 1852 promises to be far higher than in 1851—
perhaps even £500,000.

The Liverpool magistrates have ordered the charterer
of an Australian emigrant ship to Repay the Passage-
Money of an intending passenger, with £3 compensation,
as the ship did not sail for fifteen days after the time
announced when the berth was engaged; the charterer
not having paid the owners the sum agreed upon.

The sitting magistrate at the Mansion House ordered Mr.
Thomas Woolley, a ship-broker, to Return £10 Passage-
Money paid by Mr. Bastard, with £6 compensation, the
Australian packet in which Mr. Bastard had taken a
passage not having sailed for more than a month after
the time appointed. Counsel for Mr. Woolley
contended that the applicant was entitled only to 1s. a day
subsistence-money; but the alderman construed the act
of parliament differently. An appeal was threatened.
A number of other passengers who had been disappointed
consented to abide by the arbitration of Captain Lean,
the government emigration agent, as to the compensation
they should receive for the delay.

A meeting of the Emigrants' Aid and Transit Society
was held at the Apollonicon Rooms on the 17th. Lord
Erskine presided. There was a crowded attendance,
and many females were present. Mr. Guedalla, a
gentleman who had resided some years in Australia,
gave an explanation of the principles and objects of the
society. He noticed the rapid progress of the colony of
Victoria, only settled in 1835. With a population of
60,000, its exports amount to £12 per head of the
population, and the imports to between £8 and £10. He
recommended emigration, not for the sake of the gold
diggings, at which he believed a short spell would
sicken most who went out; but that they might put
their shoulders to the wheel, and engage in the staple
labour of the colony, sheep-farming. It was the great
object of this society to carry out an organised system of
emigration, as recommended by Mrs. Chisholm. The
directors of the society would make it their business to
superintend the fittings and arrangements of the vessel,
and in particular the dietary, over which but a very
partial supervision could be exercised by the government
inspector. The society had a respectable agent in the
colony, MR. W. HAWKINS, through whose means those
emigrants who were fortunate in the colony could
arrange for the sending out of their relatives, thus
avoiding the danger of sending over remittances in
specie. The committee of the society were not a body
of speculators seeking to send up their shares in the
market; their sole object was the benefit of the
emigrants, a fact which was attested by the society
receiving the sanction of the Right Hon. Lord Erskine.
The members of the society were divided into two
classes—emigration classes, and colonising classes; the
weekly or monthly payments of the former were
applied to enable them to proceed to Australia; in the
latter they formed a fund for the purchase of freehold
land in Australia. At present, the number of government
licenses for the diggings taken out and paid for
was 12,811. The prices of labour were enormously
high, but they would be considerably reduced when the
thousands of emigrants arrived who had left this country
in the course of the spring and summer. A resolution
was unanimously passed, declaring that co-operation,
through the efforts of the working classes, unaided by
any kind of charity, was the true principle on which
any system of emigration should be founded, and that
the plan proposed by this society afforded the best
means of accomplishing that object.

Official returns have been published, showing the
number of Emigrants to Australia during the years
ending the 30th of April 1851, and 1852, both unassisted
and in government emigration ships. The numbers
are:—

It is to Victoria that there has been the most marked