in-Chief were at Varna, General Brown at Constantinople,
the Admirals at Baltshik. The numerical force
of the British army in Turkey was at the beginning of the
present month, 32,000, including the sick and invalided.
Of these it was thought that not more than 29,000 men
could be brought under arms. The French, it was
reckoned, had a disposable force of 45,000 men, including
cavalry and artillery. But the army has by this time
received reinforcements. The Himalaya had
disembarked the Scots Greys at Kouleli in the Bosphorus.
Only one of the 373 horses of that regiment had died on
the passage. The 20th and 68th regiments had arrived.
The English steamers Orinoco, Colombo, and Avon,
with troops on board from England, were lying in the
Bosphorus awaiting orders. It seemed to be supposed
that these ships would convey their troops directly to
the coast of the Crimea without touching at Varna.
The British forces are thus distributed:—The 1st
division (Duke of Cambridge), at Aladyn; the 2nd
division, between Devna and Aladyn; the 3rd division,
at Monastir, near Pravadi, at which place is also
encamped the light division, under Sir George Brown;
the brigade of British cavalry is quartered near Jeni-
Bazar, and the artillery is distributed between Devna
and Aladyn. The depot at Varna is composed of
companies of almost every regiment, and four regiments of
infantry are quartered at Galata (Burnu mostly
Highlanders). One French division is stationed at Varna;
the three others are encamped at Bassardschik,
Kustendje and Karassu. The health, of the British army
is better than it was; their rations have been increased
one-half. Each man now receives daily half an ounce
of tea, an ounce of coffee, and the same quantity of
sugar; yet with this improvement the accounts of the
ravages of cholera are still very saddening. Up to the
9th the British army had lost about 500 men from this
disease. The troops were at that date losing thirty men
a day. The French losses from cholera were frightful.
The disease was not much on the wane among them,
and there were divisions in which they died at the rate
of seventy and eighty a day. In the French general
hospital, since the 14th July, 720 men had died of cholera,
and only seventy-six men had been sent out cured. General
Canrobert's expedition was most unfortunate. He went
up to Kustendje on the 1st of August, thinking to
improve the health of his corps by a little occupation, but
sickness soon broke out among his men, and the division
has left nearly 2000 men behind it.

The War in Asia has been signalised by some
occurrences of importance. Accounts from the head-quarters
of the Turkish army at Hadji-veli-khoi, a village
near the Arpachai, and in front of Gumri, show that on
the 19th July the two armies, both reinforced, had been
face to face for seven days. The Turks, it seems, drew
in their left wing from Ardahan; and having mustered
about 50,000 men, took up a position in advance of
Kars, near Hadji-veli-khoi. The Russians on their
side had crossed the Arpachai, under General Bebutoff;
and both sides had made up their minds to fight on the
12th, when a terrible storm put an end to the fighting
just as the irregulars had commenced the attack. There
was so much rain for the next six days that all fighting
was out of the question, but a battle was still imminent.
General Kmety, known as Ismail Pasha, performed a
daring feat on the 16th. "Ismail Pasha," says the
correspondent of the Morning Chronicle," having collected
about 1500 of these irregulars, turned the enemy's flank
at dead of night, and, leaving the Russian camp behind
him, arrived at day-break before the village of Baindir,
occupied by Georgian militia and Cossacks. This
village, which is of some tactical importance, and was the
scene of a battle last autumn, in which the Turks had
the advantage, was defended by some redoubts, which
the irregulars surprised, and then penetrated into the
village. A desperate fight ensued: in which eighty
Cossacks and Georgians were killed, five taken prisoners,
and a considerable number of cattle, with 400 sheep,
captured. The Russians defended themselves inside
the houses; but, from being taken completely by
surprise, their resistance was useless. Having effect.pd
this coup de main, Ismail Pasha returned by the enemy's
lines, without encountering any opposition."

The fête of Saint Napoleon has been celebrated at
Paris with great splendour, but without the presence of
the Emperor, who, with the Empress, has been enjoying
the scenery of the Pyrenees. The most remarkable
incident of the fête is the decree of the Emperor setting
apart eight millions of francs to carry out the will of the
Emperor Napoleon I., which bequeaths the above sum,
in certain proportions, to the officers and soldiers of the
battalion of Elba, or their widows and children; to the
wounded at Waterloo; to the officers and soldiers who
fought for France from 1792 to 1815; and to the towns
and provinces which suffered from the foreign
invasions. The Emperor has also granted 2582 pardons or
commutations of punishments in honour of the day:
805 to persons sentenced to deportation. 774 to persons
detained in the penal colonies, and 1003 to delinquent
soldiers and sailors.

Tranquillity is restored in Spain. Espartero entered
Madrid on the 29th of July, and General O'Donnell
arrived the same day. Espartero immediately took the
oath before the Queen as President of the Council, and
a new ministry was formed, in which O'Donnell was
appointed minister of war. The advices from Madrid
are chiefly filled with the endeavours of the new rulers to
bring the government into working order. The difficulties
of the task, however, are immense, for Espartero and
his colleagues have to deal not only with the corruption
which has for twelve years grown upon the departments,
but also with the numerous local irregular political bodies,
revolutionary in character as well as in origin, who are
slow to believe that their existence is no longer necessary.
The government has resolved that the Constituent
Cortes, elected under the constitution of 1837, at the
rate of one representative for every 35,000 souls, shall be
convoked for the 8th November. It is further stated,
that the dynastic question cannot be discussed in the
Constituent Cortes. The Queen-Mother is detained, in
a residence assigned to her; and it is said that she will
be tried before the new Cortes. The Queen's household
has been changed, but the change has been found to be
absolutely necessary.

Advices from Vienna state that the Austrian troops
entered Wallachia on the 20th, and that the whole corps
of occupation would have passed the frontier by the 23rd.
Two brigades debouched from Hermannstadt and another
brigade from Kronstadt. Bucharest, Krajova, and
Lesser Wallachia were to be occupied, and the advanced
euard will reach Bucharest on the 5th of September.
Three brigades of the army of Count Coronini were
preparing for a similar movement into Moldavia.

From the accounts from St. Petersburg, it appears
that the distress caused by the war to the middle classes
in Russia is excessive. The total prostration of business
and the high prices of all necessaries entail on them
hardships far more severely felt than the momentary
privations among classes accustomed to instability of
resource. The maritime towns of course suffer most,
inasmuch as the blockade annihilates a trade which last
year showed a list of seven thousand vessels entered and
cleared. Hence the middle classes, at least in the west
of Russia, would welcome the return of peace on any
conditions; and Nesselrode and the German party, too,
are reported to be strongly inclined for peace. The old
Russian or Muscovite party, on the other hand, is said
to urge the continuation of war with unabated
fanaticism.

The King of Saxony was killed by an accident on the
10th inst. On arriving at Munich his carriage was over-
turned, and he received a kick from one of the horses
which almost immediately proved fatal. Frederic
Augustus IV. was born on the 18th May, 1797. A
serious insurrection having broken out at Dresden, in
September 1830, against the authority of his uncle
Anthony, the reigning monarch, Prince Frederic
Augustus, was named co-regent on the 13th of that
month; and succeeded to the throne on the 6th June,
1836; his father, Duke Maximilian, having waived his
right thereto. As the late king has left no issue, the