better than himself in any point of view, while in a
great many he is vastly worse. The private soldier is
in general an honest, good-hearted peasant, personally
brave as are all his race; his officer has in general been
either a pesevenk or a pusht, coffee-server, or pipe-bearer
to some pacha, a wretch, stupid in vice from his infancy,
without honour or patriotism, who serves simply that he
may plunder and embezzle. If you officered the British
troops with the sweepings of the gaols, selected the
leading pimps, burglars, publicans, betting-house and
brothel-keepers of London, and made them captains,
majors, and colonels, and then seized upon the able-
bodied peasantry, armed them with flint-locks, clothed
them in rags, and left their commissariat and pay in the
hands of the officers, do you suppose they would receive
charges of cavalry standing two deep, or that 8000 of
them would support the attacks of 40,000 during the
long gloomy hours of a November morning? The fact
is, Turkish troops should never be put in a position of
any kind in front of the enemy without several European
officers being with them to animate them by their
example, to prove to them that resistance is possible. In
moments of great danger they have great confidence in
the superior intelligence of the Frank, and will stick by
him manfully. Captain Butler proved this in the Arab
Tabia."

The following statement is given of the strength of
the English army on the 1st of January:—Sergeants,
2.191; Drummers, 656; Rank and file, 38,085. Total,
40,392. Of this number, there were sick and wounded—
Sergeants, 565; Drummers, 107; Rank and file, 12,747.
Total, 13,419.

Omar Pacha arrived at Varna on the 31st of December,
and next day sailed for the Crimea. On the
5th of January he was at the camp of the Allies. He
concerted measures with the English and French
commanders, and returned to Varna on the 6th. The
Varna correspondent of the Daily News, writing on the
3rd., makes some remarks on the condition of the
Turkish troops in the Crimean army, and the ill-feeling
existing between the Turks and their French allies.
"The work of embarkation (he says) goes on as yet
very slowly, owing to the refusal of the English and
French to allot more than two steamers for the work,
and it is alleged that the sailing vessels are no longer
able to keep the sea. This display of stinginess as
regards the steamers can be accounted for in no other
way than by supposing that the allied leaders consider
the coming or going of the Turkish troops of very little
importance, and their aid of no great value; but this is
a piece of presumption the folly of which is demonstrated
by everything which has occurred on the Danube during
the last eighteen months. The affair of Balaklava,
about which there has been so much talk, is just what
might have been expected from men led as the Turks
were, placed as they were, fed and treated as they were.
I am afraid they lead the lives of dogs, and very
unfortunate ones, in the Crimea, if I may judge from
the conduct of the French here at Varna, and from the
fact that great numbers have deserted to the Russians
at Sebastopol—a step which all who know the Turks
know they would never take if their sufferings were
not very great indeed. It is a curious instance of the
injustice and fickleness of some portion of the public,
that though the French have had their batteries carried
and their guns spiked three times in the very centre of
their line, not a word is said. The Turks are vile
beyond measure because three hundred were driven out
of redoubts two miles from their supports.

"Here the greatest ill-feeling prevails between them
and the French, whose conduct towards them has
certainly been anything but conciliatory, or even civil. For
a long time past a man has hardly been able to make
his appearance in the street with a fez on his head
without being obliged to endure a shower of insults,
poured upon him by every French soldier whom he
meets. The result has been a series of rows, more or
less serious, which reached their culminating point a few
days before my arrival, when a party of drunken Frenchmen
attacked some Turkish cavalry soldiers—drove them
into the stable where their horses were feeding, and
then set fire ro the building, and burnt twenty horses
and a large quantity of forage. It was only owing to
the heroic exertions of Lieutenant M'Bean, an English
officer, that the Turks escaped with their lives, and the
Pacha has consequently recommended him to his
government for the decoration of the medjidia. Hardly a
week passes in which riots do not occur, in which both
parties use their side-arms freely, and between them
contribute a very fair quota of wounded to the hospitals,
and which are invariably followed by an exchange of
notes between the Pacha and the French commandant,
the correspondence seldom having any better effect than
that of convincing each of them that the right is all on
his side, and the wrong all on the other. Some stringent
measures have, however, been taken lately, such as the
closing of all wine shops and cabarets at seven o'clock in
the evening, and the result has been a greater amount
of quiet, and a less amount of disturbance and scandal.
But there is one unfortunate consequence of all this ill-
feeling, which no police measures could either remedy
or prevent, and that is, a deep and cordial detestation of
the French in the minds of all classes of the population.
A Turk can now hardly speak of a Frenchman without
spitting out, the greatest mark of hostility he can show.
This is certainly greatly to be regretted; but it is so
notorious, and so commonly talked of here, that I see
no reason why I should pass it over in silence. All
this is to be ascribed in great part, I think, to the
intolerance of foreign usages and manners, based
upon high ideas of their own superiority by which
our allies, with all their good humour and pliancy, are
unquestionably distinguished. For this, if for this only,
they never have been, and never will be, great or
successful colonisers; they have not the good-humoured
indulgence, the half pitying, half contemptuous indifference
with which Englishmen treat the weaknesses and
oddities of races which they look upon as inferior to
their own. It will take many a year to efface the
unfavourable impressions they have made upon the Turks
and the Bulgarians during their short stay at Varna.
The English, on the contrary, are on the best possible
terms with every one. They are still 'Bono Johnny'
in the eyes of the Turks, and between them and the
French the utmost cordiality prevails."

The latest accounts from the army are to the 12th
instant. The health of the troops seemed to improve
although the cold was severe. The daily deaths had
fallen to ninety. The sheepskin coats for different
regiments were being issued, and also rice to the troops
in the usual manner. Lord Raglan had ordered that every
man be served out with one pair of boots gratuitously.
The weekly average of sick sent to Scutari amounted to
something like 700 men. A permanent staff of medical
men had been appointed to be on board each vessel taking
sick to Scutari. About 500 wooden huts had arrived at
Balaklava. The Royal Horse Artillery was to be employed
to carry them up to the camp. It was intended, in the first
place, to put up a sufficient number of huts outside
Balaklava, to relieve the warehouses, which were already
crammed, and had not sufficient room for the goods
which arrive daily. It was also intended to establish a
depot at head-quarters, with fourteen days' provisions
for the whole army always in store. The enemy had
opened a new battery opposite to the Guards' pickets, on
the heights over Inkermann. The French took down
our sick on the morning of the 4th on their ambulance
mules, and General Canrobert ordered that the mules
should return laden with provisions to the depot at
head-quarters. Sixteen hundred hands were employed
on the 2nd in bringing up provisions to head-quarters
for the depot.—During the night between the 7th and
8th, the Russians made a sortie against the parallel in
front of the battery No. 19. Waited for by our soldiers
till they came up breast to breast, they were vigorously
repulsed, and left several dead behind them.—During
the night between the 11th and 12th one hundred and
fifty Russians attacked our lines. After a hand-to-hand
fight that lasted a few minutes, they were repulsed,
leaving in our works seven dead and two wounded
prisoners. Our loss amounts to seven wounded.—The
hardships suffered by the troops were still very severe.
The men were often obliged to eat their food raw, and
many had died in consequence. Some officers, too, in
trying to warm their tents with charcoal had been
suffocated.—The Hon. Mr. Cadogan had arrived at