Journalist and author. Born in East Prussia; educated in Prussian cadet-schools. Commissioned lieutenant in Prussian army, 1830; resigned from army, 1835, to devote himself to writing. In revolutionary movement of 1848-49, took prominent part in the Baden uprising; as prisoner of war, after surrender of Rastatt, tried by court-martial, sentenced to death; shortly before its execution, sentence commuted to imprisonment; six years in solitary confinement. Went to London, 1856; in time became connected with the press. To the U.S., 1861, as Civil War correspondent for London Times and Augsburg Allgemeine Zeitung. In 1867, to Berlin as correspondent for New York Times. During Franco-Prussian War, correspondent for Vienna Neue freie Presse and other journals. Contributed to Temple Bar, among English periodicals. Author of Abriss der Geschichte der Niederlande, 1841; Illustrirte Weltgeschichte, with F. W. Held, 1844-51; Historische Denkmale des christlichen Fanatismus, 1845 (later retitled Pfaffenspiegel). His autobiography published as Aus dem Leben eines Volkskämpfers, 1861; in revised and enlarged edition, including account of his later years, as Erinnerungen aus meinem Leben, 1880; abridged English translation, 1871, titled A Life of Adventure.
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